Violence Towards Family Caregivers by Their Relative with Schizophrenia in Japan

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Psychiatric Quarterly. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-017-9537-4

Perceptions and attitudes of users and non-users of mental health services concerning mental illness and services in Japan

ObjectivesThere is a global movement to develop and implement community-based integrated mental health systems. The present study attempted to clarify the perceptions and attitudes of users and non-users of mental health services concerning mental illness and services in Japan.MethodsA new questionnaire was developed for this internet survey. Data from 500 outpatients with depression and 500 healthy subjects were sampled according to the demographics of the Japanese population.ResultsOver 90% of healthy subjects and over 70% of patients were unaware of the common age of onset or lifetime prevalence of mental illness. Over 90% of the healthy subjects and about 70% of the patients could not describe any services where they would feel comfortable discussing mental health problems. In both groups, “adolescents and young adults” were ranked first as a target population for mental health and illness policies. The top requirement for the integrated care systems was the promotion and awareness of correct knowledge of mental illness in both the healthy subjects and patients.ConclusionSocietal requirements could include disseminating correct knowledge, awareness-raising actions for society, and implementing services where people, especially young people, can easily consult and receive support in the community

An approach about subject matter of clothing life culture in Junior high school home economics field : Verification of the effects by experience of wearing Yukata

中学校新学習指導要領技術・家庭,家庭分野では,浴衣など和服について調べたり着用したりするなどして,和服と洋服の構成や着方の違いに気付かせたり,衣文化に関心をもたせたりするなど,和服の基本的な着装を扱うことが有効な手だてとなり得ることが述べられている。甚平製作が衣生活文化の題材として有意義であるという昨年の成果をふまえ,本研究では浴衣の着装体験を通して,和服と洋服の違いや近年の衣生活の変化を理解し,衣生活を豊かにするための工夫ができるような衣生活文化の題材開発を行い,その効果を検証した。本題材は,広島大学附属三原中学校にて平成23年度中学3年生を対象として行った。その結果,浴衣の着装体験を通じて,和服と洋服の違いや衣生活の歴史と現状を実感的に理解し,そのことによって衣生活文化に対する意識に変容がみられることが明らかとなった。特にこの着装体験授業では,ショートパンツの製作活動との関連付けを行ったことが,生徒たちの意識の変容に効果的であったと考えられる。今後の課題として,製作活動と着装体験によって得た刺激と,自分の生活知をつなげて,とらえなおす実感的な学びを得る場を持たせた題材展開を目指したい

Is intensive case management screening sheet score associated with service intensity?

Abstract Aims Since April 2020, the new Japanese mental health system has used the Intensive Case Management Screening Sheet (ICMSS) to identify patients’ needs for case management services. This study aimed to examine the association between ICMSS score and service intensity and compare the magnitude of association between ICMSS score and service intensity with other scales. Methods We recruited patients who received case management services from a staff member in a psychiatric outpatient service, psychiatric day‐care program, or outreach team based at one psychiatric hospital. Case management service needs and functioning were assessed using ICMSS, Global Assessment Functioning (GAF), and Personal and Social Performance (PSP). The case manager also documented all services received by the participant for 2 months. The association between each scale and service duration was examined. Furthermore, the magnitude of the association between each scale and service intensity was compared. Results Overall, 138 participants were included in the analysis. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia. Mean total service duration was weakly but significantly correlated with ICMSS (Spearman's ρ = 0.320), GAF (ρ = −0.198), and PSP (ρ = −0.275) scores. Poisson's regression models and postestimation testing showed that the coefficient for ICMSS score (B = 0.144; 95% CI = 0.141, 0.148) was significantly larger than the coefficients for GAF (B = −0.017, 95% CI = −0.017, −0.016, χ2 = 15.70, P < 0.001) and PSP (B=−0.016, 95% CI = −0.017, −0.016, χ2 = 14.64, P < 0.001) scores. Conclusion ICMSS may provide preliminary information on case management service needs, but the level of service should be based on the individual needs of each patient and shared decision‐making between the patient and case manager

Subjects for planning ability of home economics education classes by wearing Yukata in teacher training curriculum for home economicseducation : Through an assessment of teaching plans by each teachers of academic subjects, curriculum and teacher training

家庭科教員養成の質を向上させるために,教科教育,教科内容及び教育実習担当者がどのような形で協力,連携できるのか追究するための手がかりを得るために,三者の立場で養成課程の学生の授業構想力の課題を検討することを試みた。題材は中学校における浴衣着装授業とし,浴衣の製作実習を通じて平面構成の知識と技術を学んだ家庭科教員志望の大学生に,100分の学習指導案を作成させた。それらの学習指導案を家庭科教育学担当者,家庭科内容学担当者及び教育実習担当者が,各々の専門の立場から評価した。そしてその評価と考察を通じて,今後の各々の担当授業に対する課題をとらえた。その結果,三者が共通して教材観の深まりや表現に問題があるととらえていることが明らかになった。教材観の構築は,家庭科にかかわらず教職能を向上させていく過程で培われるものであるが, その基盤となる視点をもたせることが必要であり, そのために三者がどのように連携あるいは役割分担することが可能か追究していく必要性が示唆された。また教科教育学と教科内容学の連携だけではなく, 教育実習担当者との情報共有によって,指導の改善に重要な示唆を得られることが明らかになった

Lesson practices in home economics under the new Course of Study : The development of materials that stimulate questioning of life tasks

本研究の目的は,ヒト,モノ,コトとかかわりながら生きている私たちに生起する生活課題を問い直すことのできるジレンマ教材を開発し,それを用いた授業を実践し,教材の内容構成や指導方法について検証することである。道徳教育においてはR.コールバーグの「道徳性認知発達段階論」に依拠したモラルジレンマ資料が活用されているが,家庭科授業においてもジレンマ教材を用いることによって,二つ以上の生活的価値の問で生じる葛藤にゆさぶりをかけることによって解決に導く過程を通して,子ども一人ひとりの生活的判断力を育成する意義があると考えた。実践にあたっては,小学校第5学年の食生活分野において,身近な環境との関連を図りながら題材を構成し,調理ごみの始末をテーマに,時間の制約とごみの分別との問で生じる葛藤を描いたジレンマ教材を作成した。授業実践の結果,子どもたちはごみの始末にあたって環境や他者への配慮意識が高まるとともに,環境に関する言語が豊かになるという成果の一端を示すことができた。今後も引き続き,環境や消費といった身近な生活課題を子どもたちが様々な視点からとらえられるよう,教材の開発を進めていきたい。The present study develops learning materials that enable students to understand life tasks within society, practice with the materials in class, and evaluate the content structure of the material by reflecting upon the materials' practical application. The study asserts that materials containing moral dilemmas based on Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development in moral education can be employed in home economics. By employing these lessons, the study hopes to create opportunities for students to weigh the consequences of several life values, and thus improve their ability to form real-life judgments. This study creates a lesson involving the immediate environment of fifth graders' eating habits, garbage disposal, and materials that raise conflicts regarding time constraints and garbage separation. Results revealed that students raised their awareness of the environment and gained vocabulary associated with the environment. The results' implications for material development are discussed with the purpose of enabling students to perceive life tasks, such as environmental awareness and consumption from multiple perspectives

Evaluation of radiation doses from MDCT-imaging in otolaryngology

The purpose of this study was to clarify patient doses in the current otolaryngological multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) examinations. Patient doses were measured with an in-phantom dosimetry system which was composed of 48 photodiode dosemeters embedded within an anthropomorphic phantom. Organ and effective doses were evaluated according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103. In neck CT, doses for salivary glands and for thyroid were high, 7.6-29.9 and 13.4-60.3 mGy, respectively. In sinus CT, brain and lens doses were high, 7.6-24.6 and 10.6-32.0 mGy, respectively, and in inner ear CT, lens dose was 8.0-35.3 mGy. Effective doses were 1.8-6.6 mSv in neck CT, 0.5-0.9 mSv in sinus CT and 0.3-0.6 mSv in inner ear CT. The present dose data would be used to estimate radiation risks for patients undergoing otolaryngological MDCT examinations